| Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy TERS - Tip-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Fluorescence, phosphorescence and photoluminescence occur when a sample is excited by absorbing photons and then emits them with a decay time that is characteristic of the sample environment. Astronomical Imaging Astronomical imaging can be broadly divided into two categories: (1) steady-state imaging, in which long exposures are required to capture ultra-low-light-level objects, and (2) time-resolved photometry, in which integration times range from milliseconds to a few seconds. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy SERS - Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) a type of non-linear Raman spectroscopy. Instead of the traditional single laser, two very strong collinear lasers irradiate a sample. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Instead of fluorescence, some types of colored molecules produce strong Raman scattering at certain conditions. This effect was called Resonance Raman. X-Ray Spectroscopy X-ray absorption spectroscopy is an element-specific probe of the local structure of elements in a material. Stimulated Raman Scattering Stimulated Raman scattering takes place when an excess of Stokes photons that were previously generated by normal Raman scattering are present or are deliberately added to the excitation beam. | 
